The principles of lean and agile Manufacturing

The standards of lean and nimble Manufacturing Every related writing are assessed in this part. Lean idea centers around dispense with squander, while light-footed idea centers around adaptability in flexibly chain. The hypotheses that refer to the subject of diminishing process duration in, which identified with the lean idea. Point by point subjects remembered for this part are 1. Standards of Lean Manufacturing 2. Item process duration improvement 3. Standards of Agile Manufacturing 2.1 Principles of Lean Manufacturing Eiji Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno at the Toyota Motor Company in Japan had discovered the Lean creation idea after World War II. Toyota Production System (TPS) is the first moving sequential construction system created by Toyota Motor that make material stream ceaselessly (Shingo, 1981; Monden, 1983; Ohno, 1988; Jones, Roos, and Womack, 1991). Henry Ford (1926) had been utilizing portions of Lean as right on time as the 1920s, as demonstrate as by the accompanying statement: One of the most important achievements in keeping the cost of Ford items low is the progressive shortening of the creation cycle. The more drawn out an article is presently produce and the more it is moved about, the more noteworthy is its definitive expense Before, the customary business in the assembling business Lean is a way of thinking that is a technique for stock administration and creation control (Diana Coggin, 2003). Lean Manufacturing guideline looks to expel non-esteem included exercises from the creation procedure. The Lean Manufacturing innovation centers around the creation, quality, client assistance, and benefit. It examines the all out activities framework. The center of Lean Manufacturing is that can synergistic work to make a smooth out, excellent framework and produce the item meet the client necessity with no waste. (Shan and Ward, 2003). Lean is an approach that used to speed up and decrease the expense of any procedure by dispensing with squander. The primary idea of Lean Manufacturing is that can be cooperate to make a smooth out, top notch framework and produce the item satisfy the client need with no waste (Shah and Ward, 2003). The organizations can deliver, create and disperse items with half or less of the human exertion, apparatuses, time, space and generally speaking cost by taking out superfluous advances, recombining work into cross-utilitarian groups committed to that movement, arranging all means in an action in a persistent stream, and consistent endeavor to progress. They can likewise turn out to be increasingly adaptable and receptive to client requests (Harvard Business School Press, 2000). The advantages of lean assembling is more prominent efficiency, lower cost, shorter conveyance times, improved quality and expanded consumer loyalty. The target of lean assembling is to convey arranges on time with most limited lead time with least stock and with less assets. 2.1.1 Characteristics of a Leans procedure The guideline of lean assembling is to take out waste in all the procedures, there are seven kinds of waste: overproduction, wasteful transportation, general deferrals, wasteful interior materials dealing with, preparing, stock, deserts. Lean standards can be utilized to improve profitability driven by laborers, in light of their insight into the work and hardware, with the objective of expanding esteem included work (Holly and Gaskins, 2004) The qualities of Lean procedure help to stream of procedure run as consistently as conceivable with a fast process duration. The exact portrayal of each work station movement indicating process duration, require some serious energy, the work grouping of explicit assignments, and the base stock of parts close by expected to direct the action (Stenzel, 2007). The attributes of lean procedures are: Specially make Single-piece creation In the nick of time materials/pull planning Short process durations Fast changeover Persistent stream work cells Compacted space Multi-gifted workers High first-pass yields with significant decreases in quite a while 2.2 Product process duration improvement Lean assembling is an operational procedure arranged toward accomplishing the most limited conceivable process duration by dispensing with squander. Process duration decrease is distinguishing and executing increasingly proficient approaches to get things done. Diminishing process duration requires disposing of or lessening non-esteem included exercises. The procedure frequently diminishes the time between a client request and shipment, and it is intended to drastically improve benefit, consumer loyalty, throughput time, and worker resolve. ( Michael and Kentaro, 1998) Process duration decrease is a significant access in the instrument chest of execution improvement techniques. Process duration decrease centers around the chance to an opportunity to finish the many procedure in the organization. Process duration is recognizable for a business procedure or the organization, explicit movement. Complete process duration is the whole of the process duration of all exercises in all the procedure of the organization. It is imperative to comprehend the four parts of the exercises process duration. Segments of process duration: pause, move, delay, process. Hold up is the time a thing that standing by to be moved to the following action. Move time is the time during which the thing moved from the last action to the following. Deferral or set up time is the time from when the thing is fit to be prepared at the following activity, until the work really begins. Procedure Time is the time it takes to finish the work once it has started. The segment of the process duration choice components: a. Preparing time: timing that the thing is being taken a shot at by an activity. To contemplating this issue intensely by utilizing apparatus; a stopwatch from camera following unit being prepared by one administrator entirely through the procedure (or sub-process). Handling Time = Manual Work + Walking + Waiting b. Holding up time: timing between sub-process that the thing gets rearranged around or lounges around trusting that somebody will deal with it. Just as realizing Waiting Transportation Time or Inventory/Transpiration Time. For this situation have impact from holding up time in each work station and hold up time of part of vehicle model. c. Change extra time; the measure of time takes to change over the creation or program from the conclusion to past advance to the current advance. On the off chance that you need to produces consistently will results with all out process duration. d. Since a bunch size of one has been natural the objective is in improve efficiency intermittently. The at last decreases stock convey costs, work in progress, and process duration. Likewise this empowering the organization works beneficially at lower edges. 2.3 Principles of Agile Manufacturing The Agile Manufacturing was introduced in the first run through at the distribution in the USA of a report entitled 21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy (Barutcu, 2007). Along these lines, it has been presented as a strategy for expanding upper hand in light of progressively serious worldwide markets. Deft idea centers around the quick reaction to alterable of client request (Mason-Jones, Naylor, Towill, 2000). The key segment in nimble assembling is adaptability (Nagel and Dove, 1991; Goldman, Nagel, Preiss, 1995). The light-footed assembling techniques can be balanced and solidified into organizations of any size to guarantee the development and achievement. The variable of client and innovative prerequisites that cause the makers to create spry flexibly affix capacities so as to be serious (Barutcu, 2007). In this way, numerous organizations utilize the adaptability and deftness to react the clients necessity and markets request continuously (Mason-Jones et al., 2000; Yu suf et al., 2004). The new idea of spryness fabricating need to make sure about upper hand from the creation procedure that can be both productive and responsive (Davis, 1987; Pine, 1993). Nimbleness can be characterized as the capacity of an association to prevail in a continually changing, and capricious business condition (Iaccoca Institute, 1991). The nimbleness has four fundamental rules that to improve client collaboration by giving added an incentive so as to fulfill clients needs (Nagel, 1993). The lead time to fulfill client requests is significant for both lean and deft. High item quality levels are likewise significant for both lean and deft (Childerhouse Towill, 2000). On account of lean, negligible lead times are required on the grounds that time is squander and ought to be expelled if conceivable. In the other hand, on account of nimble, negligible lead times are required to have the option to react unstable client request as fast as could reasonably be expected (Towill, 1996). Thus, the idea of lean can be utilized to wipe out waste, when request is smooth by wanting to boost benefit by the method of diminishing the physical expense (Womack Jones, 1996). What's more, the idea of spry, the primary concern is the outrageous of unpredictable market request (Christopher, 2000). The lean idea attempt to offer the great quality items at lower cost by expelling stock and waste from the procedure, in the other hand, coordinated idea attempt to fill in as fast as conceivable to the client prerequisites and details (Maskell, 2001). Naylor et al., (1999) expressed that both lean and coordinated ideal models corresponding to gracefully chain methodologies: Readiness implies utilizing market information and a virtual organization to abuse productive open doors in an unstable commercial center. Leanness implies building up a worth stream to take out all waste, including time, and to empower a level timetable. To comprehend the advancement of these ideal models, a concise history of modern creation forms should be portrayed. There have been three significant stages or outlook changes of mechanical creation in the advanced world (Smith, 1992; Womack et al., 1991). These stages are as per the following: 1. Art creation. This stage is in which skilled workers contracted and finished individual undertakings on a vocation by-work premise. Client demands were normally for interesting items, which differed somewhat from a formerly made thing. 2. Large scale manufacturing. This stage is generally connected with the transitioning of Henry Fords large scale manufacturing

Religion and the Cause of War Essay example -- Religion War

Ordinarily we can’t nail down the exact explanation regarding why wars are caused, however we can say with respect to why we decide to battle. We battle to protect what we trust in. Many would state that war isn't brought about by religion, yet what precisely is religion? Religion is â€Å"Something one puts stock in and follows devotedly; a matter of morals or conscience.† (word reference) Although numerous things cause war, one can't limit the job religion plays in the reason for war. As indicated by Prominent US Catholic scholar Dr. William Cavanaugh â€Å"If one attempts to restrict the meaning of religion to confidence in God or divine beings, at that point certain conviction frameworks that are generally called â€Å"religions† are wiped out, for example, Theravada, Buddhism, and Confucianism. On the off chance that the definition is extended to incorporate such conviction frameworks, at that point a wide range of works on, including numerous that are gene rally marked â€Å"secular,† fall under the meaning of religion.† (Cavanaugh) This is a fairly intriguing articulation, on the off chance that we widen our view on what religion really is we can obviously observe that â€Å"Religion† has an effect on war. Some would state that religion just arrangements with those that accept and additionally follow God or divine beings others like Dr. Cavanaugh state that religion can comprise of something completely unique. In view of this we will start our inquiry on the job religion has in war we will initially remove a glance at six from the many perceived world Religions and what their convictions are about war. A â€Å"Holy War† or a â€Å"Just War† is the manner by which a few Religions legitimize war. The outline underneath shows six religions of the world and what their position on war is. The external ring shows the religions that do have confidence in a war and the internal ring shows the religions that don't put stock in war, as should be obvious there are more religions t... ...Word reference of World History. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Lake City Community College. 29 October 2010 http://www.oxfordreference.com/sees/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t48.e1384 Campaigns World Encyclopedia. Philip's, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Lake City Community College. 29 October 2010 .html?subview=Main&entry=t142.e2980> Cavanaugh, William. T. Melodious Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., 1967. Print. Common War, American World Encyclopedia. Philip's, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Lake City Community College. 30 October 2010 Alchin, Linda.â€Å"Middle Ages† 16 July 2006. 24 Nov. 2010 .web.

Life etc

Life etc So I woke up before ten today, which is pretty new and probably good. My sleep schedule has been all over the place lately after staying relatively stable at something like “6 a.m. to whenever my first class is that day and then nap again if I still feel tired afterwards” then trying to fix that to something more normal but messing up by half-intentionally resolving to “nap” a bunch of times, creating a period of essentially no schedule at all, and then trying to fix that by listening to the advice of someone on Quora who claimed that 3 p.m. to 11 p.m. worked pretty well for them personally. But yeah, I dunno. I’m not one hundred percent convinced that existing primarily at night has been a bad thing, but most people would probably say that it’s unhealthy because you end up depriving yourself of society and Vitamin D and disrupting your circadian rhythms, not that I am entirely sure what that does to your body other than that it’s “bad” in a vague or general sense but I guess I trust whomever is spreading vague information about circadian rhythms enough to at least consider them in any deliberate construction of a sleep schedule. The social isolation, on the other hand, has honestly been kind of nice. I know I shouldn’t confound “enjoyable” with “probably a good thing” but I do value the enormous blocks of time I’ve been able to dedicate to uninhibitedly thinking about whatever I want to think about and sort of developing truth independently of other people’s idea of it, or I guess with some inevitable influence, but nothing too overwhelming. I ho pe that doesn’t sound like pretentious or fake deep, or whatever. I’ve developed a clearer picture of how I think about the world and what I value (versus what I’ve thought I valued in the past cause of what my peer in-groups did, you know?) is what I mean. I’ve also heard similarly vague evidence that erratic or unusual sleep schedules are problematic for your mental health.. While I don’t think I feel susceptible to the Sad types of illnesses at this point, I do think being around other people during daylight hours makes me feel more grounded (“grounded” is definitely the perfect word) and I wouldn’t be that surprised if after a while more of a mostly-isolated lifestyle something were to tick in my brain and I suddenly could only speak in like rhyming verse or became convinced the government was run by reptilian shapeshifters or possibly even both of those things at once. (I would definitely be more okay with both of those happening at once than either of them happening on its own.) At least that would be interesting. :) It’s also just nice to have friends to keep regular contact with, and feels bad to become less close over time. But anyway. Yeah. I woke up at ten today. It was actually 9:47, but I stayed in bed for a bit longer so that it was about ten when I got about of bed and maybe 10:12 when I left Senior House (where I had slept) to go back to my room in East Campus and I dont know, listen to music for a bit, think about how much work I had to do, think about how many unread emails I had in my inbox, decide to skip my HASS class, make coffee, try to get into a productive mindset. Think about blogging because ahh, it’s been so long, but I can’t think of what to write about because I feel like I never actually do anything and just read and work on my laptop fourteen hours a day. Drink the coffee.. finish reading a book about the Syrian conflict, text my friend Nick, start getting through my emails, spontaneously decide to email my advisor about an idea I’d been thinking about recently and spend a few minutes rereading the email after hitting “send,” wondering if it would be off-putting to him t hat I wrote so much or that I included exclamation points in two separate places in the email. I decided that if I hadn’t already sent it I would have replaced one of them with a period, but that it wasn’t really too big of a deal either way. I think I also wasted a lot of time. That always ends up happening and I can never exactly pinpoint where or how. I have to study for a 14.02 (Macroeconomics) test on Thursday, learn the material for 14.04 (Microeconomics) and do the corresponding pset due Friday, learn the material for 18.600 (Probability Random Variables) and do that pset for Friday as well, and read like a hundred pages for my Anthropology class then write a short essay about what I read by tomorrow morning. I hadn’t made progress on any of these things before I looked out the window to find it was already getting dark again, and I still really haven’t, so I guess that’s what I’ll be doing for the rest of the evening in the order of Reading/essay 14.02 14.04 18.600. I have a feeling Thursday night will be sleepless, but you know, that’s nothing new. Anyway, that’s pretty much been the past two months for me. Study, read, waste time, realize it’s probably bad that my sleep schedule is modeled after that of a raccoon, study some more, waste more time either way. I’m excited for the semester to be over so soon, not because my classes are hard or I feel burnt out or anything like that, but because everything just feels so stagnant regardless of what I’ve tried to deliberately change in my lifestyle. I think this semester has been a lot of vague and tepidly positive things fine, nice, good, quiet but I dunno, I’m really craving something different.

The World s Columbian Exposition - 1944 Words

The World’s Columbian Exposition, a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the New World, occupied the streets of Chicago in 1893. With the crowding of people, tourists have a high demand for a place to stay during their visit. A young man by the name of H.H. Holmes decides to open up a large hotel during the Columbian Exposition to bring in extra money. Little did his customers know that the man they are staying with would soon become one of the first documented serial killers. Many aspects throughout Holmes’s life formed him into the kind of person he turned out to be. Influences from his childhood, his greed for money and power, and his intelligence gave him the ability to construct his â€Å"Murder†¦show more content†¦Knowing that the first five years of life are the most important in shaping the personality and interests of people, the isolation, violence, and deaths Holmes experienced as a young child had a great effect on his later life. Holmes started school at the age of six, but this was not an easy experience for him. Constantly bullied by the older kids who were jealous of his great intelligence, Holmes began to shy away from many people. He came to feel worthless and that he did not belong because of the combination of violence at home and harassment at school. One day, his bullies made him touch a real skeleton his school owned. Scared at first, Holmes finally gave in to the bullies. He recalled feeling very fascinated as his hand was caressing the skeleton. This spark in Holmes led to the fire that was going to explode inside of him in the years to come. Having this close contact with a dead body is a foreshadow to the murders he would commit later in his life. After the encounter with the skeleton, he started to become more and more obsessed with death and dead things. Holmes was known to dissect dead, and even alive, animals as a hobby. As he grew into his teens, he became a bully, too. Younger children were afraid of him, but Holmes saw his actions almost as payback for what he had to endure as a young child. Some could say that these encounters with dead animals, bullying classmates, and his obsession with death should have been

George Orwell s Mein Kampfi - 1641 Words

Pacing around his cell in 1923 Hitler dictates to Rudolf Hess about his youth, future plans for Germany, the Nazi party, and his ideas on politics and race. Mein Kampfi is not an actual novel written by Hitler himself, in fact it is more like listening to Hitler speak about his troubles and future plans for Germany (Adolf Hitler Bibliography). He begun composing this while sitting in Landsberg prison, imprisoned for the betrayal of his country in his role with the infamous Beer Hall Putsch attempt to stage a coup and grasp control of the Bavaria government. Being caught Hitler was sentenced to five years of imprisonment. However, his time at the prison was hardly a punishment. Hitler was allowed visitors, gifts and was treated there as†¦show more content†¦In Mein Kampf Hitler states that the Aryans are the superior race amongst others (Documents in World History). I believe that Hitler assumes that mankind can be divided into three types of people in the world which fall u nder three different categories: the founders, bearers and cultural destroyers. It is safe to say that Hitler assumes that the Aryans are the founders of the culture, who are not allowed to mate with the weaker powers as the higher power does not dominate. He is discouraging his followers to mix racially because it leads to destruction in physical and mental strength and lowers the higher power. He believes when the blood mixes they will lose their purity and destroy the masters of society - the Aryans. Then, I believe he goes on to states the duties of the Aryan and how they should be willing to die for their beliefs and their families. He also sates how they are required to regulate the activities of those below them. He again, emphasis the idea of racial mixture that how it will wipe out the Aryans and lead to a collapsed culture and government. Saying that their needs to be a fine line between the master (higher power) compared to the servant(lower power). Then, he praises thos e who are willing to take part in his community and the respect and honor they will receive by training, leading, and honoring their

Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Ielts Essay Samples Band 5 Is Wrong and What You Should Know

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Ielts Essay Samples Band 5 Is Wrong and What You Should Know The New Angle On Ielts Essay Samples Band 5 Just Released The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. This can be helpful for a six-and-under essay, but a good writer is equipped to combine ideas which do not seem to be noticeable or mechanical. Even if today you think you're a lousy writer, you can learn how to deal with your essay and make it far more efficient. This short article lets you know precisely what you will need to do to be able to get IELTS Band 7 in every one of the four modules of the test. Have a look at the questions and become acquainted with topics you would get on the true exam. If you wish to know specifically where you're going wrong, then you will have to talk about your work with a seasoned IELTS instructor. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. You ought to understand the 4 marking criteria employed by the examiner to fulfil the needs of the score you desire. This score is going to be increased to 6.5. When you're graded, you will be provided a score for every one of these, and this will then be averaged. You'll save yourself an exorbitant sum of money on fuel. On the flip side, the usage of low fats and reduced spreads only started in 1996 at approximately ten grams. So this may well be where you're falling down if you are receiving a 6.5. You have to show you can use a wide array of sentence structures and have a high amount of accuracy. An interesting mixture of complex grammar structures will also need to be produced. After the structure is correct, the usage of the language is slightly more advanced, and the thought procedure is thorough, obtaining a Band 8 or higher for an essay should not be an issue. Using plenty of new words you don't understand how to use properly could make your writing worse, so be mind ful! We'll first analyze both introductions, and take a look at their very first paragraphs. You ought to use words that aren't typical in an everyday conversation. You have to have frequent error-free sentences. Improving your grammatical accuracy is most likely likely to be a slow and gradual practice. The Ielts Essay Samples Band 5 Trap There are two major solutions to decrease the degree of obesity. There is surely a lot of interest in to what extent they may influence transportation, but research and testing continue to be ongoing. In many countries this phenomenon is a consequence of intolerance. Additionally, planning safety measures and precautions in case of natural disaster can help allay concern of the general public. Arts reflect and inform us about cultural and conventional traits of a specific region. Society is going to be free of such violence and protest is going to be held in civilized way. Many people think that social networking sites (for example, Facebook) have had a massive negative effect on both individuals and society. Ielts Essay Samples Band 5 Fundamentals Explained So as to tackle this issue, governments and individuals should get the job done together. In summary, too little exercise and having an unhealthy diet are the principal reasons for folks to put on weight. Many people would rather spend money, not save it. To conclude, plenty of people don't conserve money and instead they prefer to devote a great account of money on internet shopping. In the event the nation or government fails to offer these 3 things then the situation of the nation would acquire miserable. If someone is continually exposed to violent images of crimes like terror in public places, the individual would doubt the security more compared to somebody who is not mindful of the accidents. Most of the folks within this world eat meat, whereas they are easily able to live by eating vegetables. The world has gotten more diverse in recent past.

Management of Systems and Leadership

Question: Discuss about theManagement of Systems and Leadership. Answer: Introduction Project management involves collection of data in a systemic manner to assist for further analysis for the purpose of informed decision making review and evaluation. Risks are managed with the institution of risk detection systems that are implemented by the organization and are combined together with other programs that aims at enhancing coordination. The main focus of monitoring is input components, activities that are undertaken and the output or the end product of a certain project. It concentrates more on how the project can induce the outcomes expected and lead to a positive effect of the overall program. The appropriate method of monitoring enhances accountability in relation to measuring the performance obtained as well as the results that are obtained from the particular program. The role of operations project manager is incorporated here to facilitate the best design is mad. There is updating and checking regularly the updates available. They check the quality of the curren t monitoring arrangements that have been put in place and also check complies with the capacity requirements. Mark has been assigned the responsibility of working together with the B.O.D to oversee undertaking of the business activities. He is mandated to authorize huge financial processing, set overall strategic directions and assist in managing and minimizing the occurrence of risk. Riz Mehra is the chief finance officer has been given the duty of preparing quarterly financial statements and the total budgeting. He is supposed to oversee budgets for cost centers and the individual projects. During the commencement of project he is supposed to make a summary of the budget variations as well as provide the projections in the financial statements. Kim is the operations manager and his work is to oversee the day to day running of the company. He oversees the coordination as well as the structural operations of the respective investment centers which among them include residential and commercial. He also offers support in terms of finance to the projects which affect operations of the organization as a whole. He works hand in hand with the human resource manager in order to achieve the company synergy. Les Goodale is the head in the human resource department and he makes sure that welfare of the employees is achieved for the attainment in production capacity. Sam Lee is the manager residential Reality and he oversees the activities of the residential agents. Peter Mitchell is the head in managing all aspects of the investments hence the investment agents are monitored by Peter. He works hand in hand with the operations manager to ensure that obligations are separated from investments in regards to residential and commercial clients. Monitoring and Record Keeping System Requirements The requirements entails identifying the purpose of the policy used to keep records for ensuring that there is consistency in acquisition of materials fair transparency is adhered to and transparency in accordance with the set guidelines and the requirements. Garvey said that scope to which the records should be utilized in manner that they incorporate all the relevant information of purchasing and acquisition of resources by employees and the contractors of Max Lionel Realty Company (Richard, 2001, p.439). The resources availability is considered in ensuring that the internet offered by the company has adequate procedures for implementing the policies for record keeping. Responsibility for implementation of these monitoring systems is followed by management and the staff of MAX Lionel Realty. The management is assigned the duty of purchasing and recording the particulars in the document for future reference and ascertainment. Project management involves collection of data in a systemic manner to assist for further analysis for the purpose of informed decision making review and evaluation. Risks are managed with the institution of risk detection systems that are implemented by the organization and are combined together with other programs that aims at enhancing coordination. The main focus of monitoring is input components, activities that are undertaken and the output or the end product of a certain project. It concentrates more on how the project can induce the outcomes expected and lead to a positive effect of the overall program. The appropriate method of monitoring enhances accountability in relation to measuring the performance obtained as well as the results that are obtained from the particular program. Roles and Responsibilities The role of operations project manager is incorporated here to facilitate the best design is mad. There is updating and checking regularly the updates available. They check the quality of the current monitoring arrangements that have been put in place and also check complies with the capacity requirements. The process of monitoring takes place at different levels in an entity that includes arrangements in place which enable the project managers see where they stand at the current state and period given for analysis. The level that is quite well discussed is that of supervisory authorities who are the front runners and watch out for any mistake or deviation from the rules and guidelines of the policy that governs the activities of a company. Good practices are emphasized and the mainstreaming is undertaken with regards to achieving these recommended practices. The learning from the experiences is enabled by carrying out the monitoring process for improvement in the areas where there are faults in the systems and the programmers. Samuel said that International Council on Systems Engineering enhance the understanding of the accountability in an internal perspective as well as the external ideology to rectify and identify the mistakes that is inherent (Raphael, 1998, p.111). The informed decisions are made for the future of the proper initiative to be adopted. There is promoting of the beneficiaries of initiatives in monitoring for the main aim of empowerment. There is incorporation of evaluation which participates in appraising the data and information in order to facilitate strategic decision making. The main points which are of great help in this context are relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and finally the impact. The dialogue between the stakeholders brings in the concept of donor for development and progress purposes. The activity should not be an imposed control instrument by the donor or in an optional accessory. The stimulation of change is enhanced by referring from the records of the previous monitoring processes for the main reason of understanding the ways in which the project developed. Conduct a review to determine what should be done to maximize the output and manage our activities at the same time. The effects inherent to a project that contributed to change should be close examined to get the extent of change obtained. The broader long-term effects are important to consider for deeper comprehending of the results of the project and the relationships that exist in various components. The evaluation process is simply the analysis or interpretation of the data that have been extracted either numerical or in theory context for deriving a conclusion and adopting a new approach to tackling a problem. The core objective of the above functions in an organization is to maximize the benefit from each and every operations of the entire company. The programs act as watch dogs on behalf of the management in ensuring compliance and following step by step the stipulated procedures. There is personal need for support thus there is need for providing support to the team members to endow them with the necessary skills for meeting the required standards of the project. The communication and negotiation skills should be established for proper relaying of information to all the participants. The project limits need to be adhered to for quality assurance by the subordinates as well as the top line managers. The overall cost of the project should not be more than the budget at whichever means hence the management and the team responsible for cost accounting is subject to reduction of all the expenses. There is consideration of each team members hourly rate for calculation of the level of output and productivity. Personal Need for Support The duration matters a lot since the project can take longer than it is expected by the participants. It cannot put the project at risk at any cost hence the evading of any danger that is associated with endangering the project. There is extra need for support in order to equip the experts and the people undertaking the project with necessary expertise to perform a competent job and deliver according to the standards. The support that is offered enables the people to be aware of any weakness and thus emphasize on strengthening the project for the best outcomes to be received. There should be meeting with the team for assigning of responsibilities and ensuring a written record of agreement. Explanation of the team members the needs that are to be met and what is recommended for the pursuing of the job. There should be discussion of the monitoring of record keeping systems as required by the organization at large. The risk management processes are determined and the approaches that are supposed to be undertaken hence a discussion should be conducted to facilitate proper methodology of scope of work is taken and is acceptable. The major role players in a project are among them the owner of the business, project manager or the project administrator. The steering committee executive mandated with the function of ensuring that the processes in a project are well undertaken without any interference. Steering committee executive is also an important role player in a project and they enhance accuracy and neatness in record keeping and assist in deriving important issues. The projects board is accountable for all the activities that pertain to standard attainment and achieving the right people and employees who are qualified to assist in running the entire project. The end user suppliers are also in the project and they are the final utilizers of the resources available. The clients are vital people in the project since they make sure that there is flow of income and revenue is collected from them hence the more the customers the higher the profits. Risk management approach determines the tools, the techniques, team roles and the responsibilities attached to a particular project. Harvey said that a guide to the project management body of knowledge is suitable risk management approach operationalizes the goals and hence ensures they are set in an achievable manner that will ensure motivation (Thomas, 2008, p.233). The proactive approach is undertaken to deal with the negative outcomes that may occur pertaining to the results to be obtained and the completion of the project. Risk management assists in risk identification and enable fully intersecting user needs to be achieved. The network centric way is recommended for delivering of the capabilities via the service, data and also application. The stakeholder acceptance of risk management is supposed to deal with the system risk levels hence not just a linear roll up of the subordinates. Risk Management Approaches Consequence Likelihood Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost certain Disagreement Likely Being assigned Absenteeism Reputation of the MLR Moderate Objective of MLR not informed Unlikely Decreased budget Rare Over budget The Status Update Report The project outcomes against objectives is discussed as below and it follows that the budgeted costs are not appropriate as per the status report of the project. The estimation of the budget was done in a manner that is not sufficient to meet the actual costs in the project. The revised actual cost are more than the budgeted cost hence the operations manager will need to interfere with the running of the business to acquire more funds from the stakeholders. The quality assurance on draft deliverables is ensured by monitoring that is used in the project. The operations manager is assigned the duty of checking that the materials that have been acquired meet the criteria that is acceptable by the production department. Kelly said that Risk Management Guide for Information Technology System (David, 2002, p.145). The information that pertains the project is safeguarded especially the monetary data and the costs that have been incurred. The reason for safety is to avoid distortion and manipulation by the accountants and other interested parties who are capable of destroying the flow of the project. Third parties are not allowed to entry into the site and the premises of the project to avoid compromising situations that may arise as a result. Conclusion There is need for confidentiality in the overall plan to ensure that quality adherence is maintained for good of the project and to the best interest of the organization. However the challenges that come from implementing managing processes steps across a large scale should be given sufficient time and the workforce in terms of the subordinates should rectify and work toward the better of the situation. The risks are inevitable but measures can be instituted to make sure that the impact is positive and reduced to a minimal level. The risks are potential threats to the project entirely because they make the undertakings to be affected. Works Cited Kelly, H. (2002). Risk Management Guide for Information Technology System, Special Publication 800-30, p. 1. Harvey, P. (2008). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, , pp. 273?312. Samuel, Y. (1998) .International Council on Systems Engineering Journal; p. 213?225. Garvey, P. (2008). Analytical Methods for Risk Management: A Systems Engineering Perspective, Chapman-Hall/CRC-Press, Taylor Francis Group (UK), Boca Raton, London, Newman presses.

10 Facts About Spanish Prepositions

10 Facts About Spanish Prepositions Here are 10 facts about Spanish prepositions that will come in handy as you learn the language. 1. A preposition is a part of speech that is used to connect a noun with another part of a sentence. That noun - or noun substitute such as a pronoun, infinitive or phrase acting like a noun - is known as a prepositional object. Unlike interjections and verbs, prepositions cannot stand alone; they are always used with objects. 2. Prepositions, preposiciones in Spanish, are called that because they are positioned before objects. In Spanish this is always true. Except perhaps in some kind of poetry where the rules of word order are discarded, the prepositional object always follows the preposition. This is in contrast with English, where it is possible to place a preposition at the end of a sentence, especially in questions such as Whom are you going with? In translating that sentence to Spanish, the preposition con must come before quià ©n, the word for who or whom in a question:  ¿Con quià ©n vas? 3. Prepositions can be simple or compound. The most common Spanish prepositions are simple, meaning that theyre made up of one word. Among them are a (often meaning to), de (often meaning from), en (often meaning in or on), para (often meaning for) and por (often meaning for). Compound prepositions should be thought of as a single unit even though made up of two or more words. Among them are delante de (usually meaning in front of) and debajo de (usually meaning underneath). 4. Phrases beginning with a preposition usually function like adjectives or adverbs. Two examples of adjectival usage, with prepositions in boldface: En el hotel hay mucho ruido durante la noche. (In the hotel there is much noise during the night. The phrase provides a description of ruido, a noun.) Comprà © la comida en el refrigerador. (I bought the food in the refrigerator.) The same adverbial phrases used as adverbs: Ella se levantà ³ durante la noche. (She got up during the night. The phrase describes how the action of the verb, se levantà ³, was performed.) Puse la comida en  el  refrigerador. (I put the food in the refrigerator.) 5. Numerous fixed phrases that include a preposition can also function as prepositions. For example, the phrase a pesar de means in spite of and like simpler prepositions must be followed by a noun or noun substitute: A pesar de la crisis, tengo mucho dinero. (In spite of the crisis, I have a lot of money.) 6. Spanish frequently uses phrases with a preposition in situations where English speakers often use adverbs. For example, youre more likely to hear phrases such as de prisa or a toda prisa to mean hurriedly than an adverb such as apresuradamente. Other common adverbial phrases among the hundreds in existence include en broma (jokingly), en serio (seriously), por cierto (certainly) and por fin (finally). 7. Meanings of prepositions can be vague and highly dependent on context, so the meanings of Spanish and English prepositions frequently dont line up well. For example, the preposition a, while often meaning to, can also mean by, at or even off to. Similarly, the English to can be translated not only as a, but also as sobre, de, hacia and contra. 8. The most confusing prepositions for Spanish students are often por and para. Thats because both are frequently translated as for. The rules become complicated, but one quick tip that covers many situations is that por often refers to a cause of some sort while para often refers to a purpose. 9. When a sentence opens with a prepositional phrase that modifies the meaning of the entire sentence, that phrase is followed by a comma. This is common with phrases that reflect the speakers attitude toward what is said. Example: Sin embargo, prefiero escuchar lo que dicen. (Nevertheless, I prefer to hear what they say.) 10. The prepositions entre and segà ºn use subject pronouns rather than object pronouns. So the equivalent of according to me is segà ºn yo (not using the me you might expect). Similarly, between you and me is entre yo y tà º (me and ti arent used).

Juveniles and the Death Penalty essays

Juveniles and the Death Penalty essays Neither capital punishment nor life imprisonment without possibilty of release shall be imposed for offenses committed by persons below eighteen years of age.... Convention on Rights of a Child (Article 37a) The actual execution of juvenile offenders sentenced to death began in 1642 by Thomas Graunger, in the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts. In over three and one-half centuries since that time, at least 362 juvenile offender executions have been imposed by 38 states and the federal government, and they constitute 1.8% of the total of about 20,000 confirmed American executions since 1608. Eighteen of these 362 executions for juvenile crimes have been carried out during the current era (1973-2001). They constitute only 2.4% of the total of 749 executions during this period (as of 12-31-2001), an execution rate somewhat higher than had been experienced prior to 1973. All but one of these executed juvenile offenders were age 17 at the time of their crimes, with only Sean Sellers (Oklahoma) being age 16. Currently, 38 states and the federal government (both civilian and military) have statutes authorizing the death penalty for capital crimes, almost all of which are forms of murder. Of those 40 death penalty jurisdictions, 17 jurisdictions (42%) have expressly chosen age 18 at the time of the crime as the minimum age for eligibility for that ultimate punishment. Another 5 jurisdictions (13%) have chosen age 17 as the minimum. The other 18 death penalty jurisdictions (45%) use age 16 as the minimum age, either through an express age in the statute (6 states) or by court ruling (12 states). The use of the death penalty for crimes committed under the age of 18 is banned under international human rights standards, yet some countries still permit or practice the execution of juvenile offenders. Such executions are few compared to the worldwide total number of executions. However, the fact still remains that ne ...

Visual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Analysis - Essay Example In light of the above, a piece of art for consideration would be the picture depicting passengers of the S.S. Pennland on deck. The picture shows that most of the persons on the ship are young women. The woman on the foreground is leaning on her arm, possibly showing her state of fatigue. Most of the other people around are having a nap, most probably enhancing the theme of fatigue throughout the journey. Moreover, they have wrapped themselves with blankets and wearing heavy clothing. Most of the people in the picture have a cap or something to cover their heads, with the exception of the woman at the forefront. Despite this, she too has covered herself well with coverings visible from her neck and extending well over her feet. This most probably gives the impression that they experienced adverse weather conditions throughout the journey and the cold was taking toll on them. Somewhere along the mid-deck of the ship, there are visible huge reels of rope, but they do not have ropes on them. This most probably translates to the fact that probably most of the ship’s sails were fully hoisted and it probably still had a long way to go. The background of the picture shows a couple of men. While some of them are looking out into the sea, an atypical man is gazing to the side from which the photo was most probably taken. These men are likely to be part of the ship’s crew. They may be on their daily routine of checking out the situation in the sea and the condition of their passengers. The presumption that they could be part of the ship’s crew relies on their general look portrays the aspect that they do not look as fatigued as the rest of the people on the deck. On the first glance of the photo, one thing that suddenly strikes is the manner in which passengers look sprawled on the deck of the ship. The manner in which they are travelling depicts that of a journey not so well planned. The deck lacks no visible seating apparatus and the passengers are generally trying to fit themselves into any comfortable spot they find. A majority of them are sitting or lying on the latch covering the under the deck partitions of the ship. This is most likely the more comfortable place on the deck. The state of the passengers on the deck show that they are completely exhausted and are longing for the ship to dock at their destination. From this, and the fact that the photo certainly dates back to the early 20th century, suffice to conclude that travelling by ship during the earlier days of sea travel was a harrowing experience that could only be endured by the strong-hearted. Cohen’s article uses seven theses on monsters to try to discern a culture depending on the monster that most aptly describes it. From this, an assortment of monsters described distinguishes each other by various features (Cohen 121). Thesis VI on the monster being a kind of desire raises the claim that the activities that do not raise levels of satisfaction or are not endorsed by society are more attracting to the cultures. That the monster arouses the desires of the body to being frightened and this is eased by the thought of relief after the harrowing experience. This raises a complication as it supposes that the body is thrilled and enjoys the effects of an experience that frightens it (Cohen 231). This despite the fact that the body actually yearns for life’

Writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Writing assignment - Essay Example But I think use of algae as a biofuel among the alternatives is the most economical and practical alternative. Academic research on the uses of algae started over 30 decades ago, and because of its growing importance, research activities are intensified over the years. To date, scientific studies are being done by over 200 universities worldwide on the feasibility of using algae as a substitute. (Algae.com) Research showed that algae could easily meet the demands for 31 million crude oil. Algae is grown on many ocean floors n the United States. In contrast to corn, sugar soy and sunflower used as biofuels, algae does not need much caring to grow(view attached picture of a non-forested area of an algae farm). It does not require clearing of rainforests, fertile farmland or fresh water to grow. As compared to other feed stocks, algae produces more gallons per acre than soya, rape seed, mustard and palm. Algae produces 10,000 US gallons per acre, soya- US 45 gal; Rapeseed – 110-145 us gal; palm oil -650 US gal.(Thurmond, Will. 2009) He claims that algae alone can meet the requirements as a possible substitute for entire global fossil requirements. Algae can be used as biofuel, ethanol, methane, jet fuel and a lot more. Thus, algae provide a wide opportunity for investment. Due to its practicability, 32 countries worldwide serve as collection centers, while 70 companies are involved in energy commercial research. Algae has market potential because US and EU cannot produce enough corn and meet targets while research showed algae has enough capabilities to meet these demands. As potential targets, algae can serve the military that is the number 1 consumer of diesel fuel. Algae biofuel can also serve passenger cars that use gasoline and diesel. Algae production hopes to meet the target of Federal FRS36 billion gallons by 2022. As of 2008, algae

Contraception And The Catholic Church Religion Essay

Contraception And The Catholic Church Religion Essay Religions place in civilization has always been a tenuous battle between the liberties society is willing to afford it, and the divine right they claim. More recently religion has come to fill the void between human desire and morality in the wake of inherent greed. The Roman Catholic Church is, perhaps, one of the most driven and commanding religious institutions; its claims have always been those of religious enlightenment, a beacon of hope morally guiding society in a world of darkness and sin. On an idyllic level, Catholicism functions as intended; for its millions of followers the Church provides a sense of stability and spiritual guidance. Yet regardless of intent or belief, religion and Catholicism are flawed; they are human concepts instituted and governed by man, inherently subject to human error and imperfection. Religion in general and particularly the Catholic Church have always claimed a monopoly on the definition of transgression and morality, fortifying its role in soc iety as a pillar of hope and faith for all people both good and evil. Yet history has demonstrated that these charges have been repeatedly abused and misinterpreted, catering to the powerful while often smothering subordinates cries of injustice. Perhaps one of the most staunch and unwavering views of the Catholic Church has been their stance on contraception; until the 1930s Catholicism stood side-by-side with Protestants in their dissenting view on the distribution and use of contraception. However with the advancement of modern medicine the use of contraception became an acceptable and essentially healthy practice for much of the world. While Protestants recognized the value of contraception and safe-sex, Catholicism still refuses to accept its necessary role in society. By the Catholic definition, transgression (otherwise known as sin) is defined as an offence against reason, truth, and right conscience; it is a failure in genuine love for God and neighbor caused by a perverse attachment to certain goods (Catholic Pages). Catholicism further splits sin into two categories: mortal sin and venial sin. Venial sin is a comparatively mild form of transgression when compared to mortal sin, as its consequence is not eternal damnation; it is essentially any sin that is committed without the full knowledge or intent of the parties involved and is not grave in nature (ONeil). For a transgressive act to be considered a mortal sin, it must fulfill three requirements: the matter must be grave, the sin must be committed with full knowledge, and the sin must be committed deliberately (Catholic Pages). Murder, theft, adultery, premarital sex, bearing false witness, and the use of contraception are all considered mortal sins in the eyes of the Catholic Church and ar e divinely punishable by eternal damnation (Catholic Pages). While there are several acts that unarguably belong in this category, it would seem that several are out of place, the most blatant being contraception. It is important to note that the Catholic definition of sin is neither more nor less legitimate than that of any other denomination; it is merely a byproduct of biblical interpretation and human policy. Many argue that one of Catholicisms greatest weapons has been its definition of sin, which has repeatedly been wielded to assert Church authority in matters ranging from warfare and foreign relations to simple public policy disagreements. Contraception, which by biblical reference is alternatively referred to as Onanism (referring to Onans sin of withdrawal in refusing to impregnate his dead brothers wife, a sin by Jewish faith) has been manipulated similarly to homosexuality (Brohm, Birth Control). The term Sodomy (like Onanism) was also coined by the Catholic Church, as i t referred to the men of Sodom and the homosexual acts they committed (Brohm, Birth Control). When an institution holds the power to define what is right, they hold a monopoly on justice and while it may be righteously wielded for a period, basic human nature makes its abuse inherent. Focusing specifically on the mortal sin of contraception, a practice that has come to be more than a means for inconsequential pleasure, especially in a world of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, the need for its proper distribution and use is more necessary than ever before (particularly in preventing the spread of infectious and potentially deadly diseases). The Church has always maintained a firm stance on contraception, lauding it as a violation of natural law (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). This opinion can be traced back to passages in Genesis: But Onan knew that the offspring would not be his; so whenever he lay with his brothers wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother.  What he did was wicked in the Lords sight; so he put him to death also (Genesis 38:9-10). However this biblical reference is disputable as Onans use of coitus interruptus (otherwise known as withdrawal) was aimed at preventing the p regnancy of his dead brothers wife, with whom he was charged to procreate according to Jewish tradition. It was not merely for the sake of avoiding pregnancy that Onan acted in such a way; he was simply trying to avoid creating children for whom he couldnt provide. This single passage forms the basis for the Catholic argument against contraception. The church also considers the practice of sterilization (just as that of contraception) sinful as the majority of biblical doctrine compiled against contraception does not specifically prohibit contraceptive measures, but rather condemns the practice of sterilization as a defilement of the human body. When examined in context, much of Catholicisms argument against contraception is substantiated by their doctrine and interpretation. Epiphanius of Salamis wrote, They [certain Egyptian heretics] exercise genital acts, yet prevent the conceiving of children. Not in order to produce offspring, but to satisfy lust, are they eager for corruption (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). Epiphanius basis for claiming the Egyptians actions sinful seems to be more a statement against Egyptian culture and peoples (a civilization that was largely under Moslem rule and therefore in direct opposition to Catholicism), than a direct attack on the crime of contraception. It is more a method for the Church to gain control and power over a civilization than a moral statement like the Church often parades it as. This same format of condemnation occurs in the writings of St. Augustine; You [Manicheans] make your auditors adulterers of their wives when they take care lest the women with whom they copul ate conceive. They take wives according to the laws of matrimony by tablets announcing that the marriage is contracted to procreate children; and then, fearing because of your law [against childbearing]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. They copulate in a shameful union only to satisfy lust for their wives (Brohm, Contraception and Sterilization). Again, the substantiation of Augustines argument is based not on the inherent sinfulness of contraception, but rather the transgressive actions of the Manicheans whose own law prevents them from bearing children in certain situations. Both Augustine and Epiphanius highlight an inherent irony that occurs repeatedly in Catholic doctrine; the Church adopts a position on an issue, not in the spirit of moral guidance and leadership, but rather as a means of vilifying and defiling societys view of a certain race or civilization (most typically one that was proclaimed heretic or had an outstanding argument with the Catholic Church such as the Manicheans or the Egy ptians). By using their power to interpret religious doctrine, the Church was often able to form their policy in a manner that vindicated their cause, while slandering the moral standards of their enemies and dissenters. In recent times the Catholic petition against contraception has focused on the defilement of marriage. The Churchs stance on the unacceptability of premarital sex has always remained firm; hence it is assumed that contraception is used only within the confines of marital relations. As is tradition, the current Pope Benedict XVI renewed the Catholic Churchs stance against the use of contraception (specifically birth control) in a 2008 Vatican statement calling the policy an important document which addresses one of the essential aspects of the marital vocation and of the specific path of holiness that follows from it (Ertelt). Essentially the current pontiff claims that the use of contraception is an attack on the natural expression of love displayed through the act of procreation. While Pope Benedict XVIs stance on contraception is more rationally defined than previous church policy, it still demonstrates a disconnect with modern society. Obviously the Church will never promote or en dorse multiple sex partners and it is unlikely that their stance on premarital sex will change in the near future, however their dissenting position on birth control and contraception suggests a lack of modern day colloquial knowledge. The rationale for the use of contraception is far beyond any ancient concepts of marital relations or natural order, the issue is one of public health and world population. Perhaps the most compelling rationale for contraceptive education and use is the current HIV/AIDS pandemic that is sweeping Africa and invading other parts of the world. As of 2007 it was estimated that approximately 33 million men, women, and children were afflicted by either HIV or AIDS (AVERT). Since 1981 the HIV/AIDS and the subsequent illnesses it causes has killed 25 million people (AVERT). While not all of these numbers can be derived directly from the absence of proper contraceptive measures, a fair majority of those afflicted acquire the disease through unprotected sexual interaction. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 5% of the adult population is afflicted (roughly translating to 22 million people), some myths suggest the only cure for HIV/AIDS is unprotected intercourse with a virgin child, only further reinforcing the need for contraceptive awareness and education (AVERT). The Catholic Church has always regarded itself as a shelter for the poor, homeless, and otherwi se less fortunate; however their medieval stance on contraception suggests that they are ignoring the reality of modern times. Catholicism contradicts its own doctrine when it preaches a message of caring for the sick, only to turn and condemn contraception, a practice that could potentially stem disease and poverty on a global scale. Even ignoring disease, the proper education and use of contraception still holds the power to improve the standard of living worldwide. There are between 143 million and 210 million orphans worldwide; the Catholic Church has always pledged to be an institution that provides hope and shelter for those in need (including the millions of orphans), yet every year hundreds of thousands of unwanted pregnancies result in children being forced onto the streets or into the foster system (Skyward Journey). Mother Teresa, 1979 Nobel Peace Prize Winner and one of the most gracious and influential women in the twentieth century, fervently opposed the use of contraception. This is in many ways ironic, as Mother Teresas mission centered on caring for the impoverished children of the world. Her humanitarian efforts to promote adoption are legendary, yet in 1988 Oxford conference she stated that she would never allow a child entrusted to her care to be adopted by a woman who had an abortion or used c ontraceptives. Such a woman cannot love, she said. (BBC News). Mother Teresas stance on adoption and contraception are inherently contradictory; contraception reduces unwanted pregnancies, consequently reducing the number of orphaned children (Mother Teresas mission). Yet to say that contraception is not only a sin, but also a disqualifying characteristic for an adopting mother is (plainly put) ridiculous. There can be no solid proof that a woman who chooses to take birth control is incapable of loving; such a statement is fundamentally absurd. Mother Teresas opinion regarding contraception identically mirrors that of the Catholic Church as a whole (she was commonly called upon by Pope John Paul II to be an ambassador of Church doctrine), and demonstrates a clear disconnect with the problems facing the modern world. The Church also blatantly ignores the medicinal uses of birth control in their anti-contraceptive convictions. Sex without the consequence of pregnancy is not the only use for the pill; women who suffer from irregular and uncommonly painful menstruation periods turn to birth control as a form of relief and regulation. The hormones within the pill act to correct imbalances within some womens biological cycle (an aspect of birth control which Catholicism wholly ignores). This not only makes menstruation more regular and predictable, but it often shortens the total length and decreases the severity of side effects like nausea and cramps. Even the use of birth control for medicinal purposes is generally condemned by the Church, as their doctrine makes no exception or distinction between the medicinal and contraceptive use of the pill (similar to their adamant opposition to abortion, even when it is medically necessary to save an expecting mothers life). Ultimately Catholicisms opinion on contraception has remained static seemingly more for the sake of stubbornness and continuity than actual policy and necessity. With membership, attendance, and giving at an all time low within the Catholic Church (and most sects of Christianity), it would seem that these are a direct response to the stale doctrines and policies that Catholicism clings to in the midst of a dynamic and rapidly developing world. In an age where technology progresses at an exponential pace, humans seem to be searching for spiritual guidance that is as dynamic as the world they live in; not simply a regurgitated list of constant reverence and piety that stands unforgiving and unwavering in the face of new opinions and ideals. The Church preaches messages of forgiveness and compassion, is it not compassionate to prevent the conception of an unwanted child, in a world where children are regularly abandoned and orphaned. Catholicism needs to realize the gravity of their pol icies, millions worldwide look to the Churchs doctrine for guidance and in terms of contraception millions are misled. The same as condemning homosexuality, Catholicisms position on contraception touts those who violate their doctrine as sinners to be looked down, a class below those who are saved by their faith. Anyone familiar with the Bible knows that its teachings (and particularly the teachings of Jesus Christ) center on acceptance and love; nowhere in the Ten Commandments is it specified thou shall not use contraception but rather love thy neighbor and do not covet they neighbors property are dictated. The basic principles of compassion and the appreciation are taught, not constraint and restriction. The Catholic opinion and fixation with the sins of society ultimately detract from the purpose and message of religion in general; its purpose is not to dictate and control the lives of its followers, but rather to support and supplement believers faith, counseling them in times o f trouble and providing an explanation for those areas which man falls short.

Iagos Motivations :: essays research papers fc

Every good play has a great villain. Othello by William Shakespeare is no exception. In writing Othello, Shakespeare took characters he had gotten from an Italian short story, and developed them further. I would not say Shakespeare created Iago, but he definitely made Iago the evil man that everyone knows him to be. Iago may be one of the greatest villains of all time. He was honest, loyal, and brave in all of the other characters’ eyes. However, in reality he was a cruel, deceitful, immoral man. As with every great villain, Iago had to have been motivated by something. Although it is debatable, I believe the main motivation behind his villainy is his repressed homosexuality, and his attraction to Othello.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different views on what motivated Iago to set out to destroy so many innocent people. Many critics argue the not being promoted is his only motivation. Clearly, Iago’s ego was shattered when he was not promoted, however, it seems to be just another excuse for hating Othello. Thomas Wilkes believes that Iago’s motivation for wanting to destroy Othello was based only on him not being promoted to lieutenant. He says that Iago had â€Å"no other real motive for his villainy.† Wilkes recognized that Iago stated other possible motives, but argues that he only used them to deceive Roderigo. Wilkes’ opinion is a very popular one, but I believe that the real motivation is more complex than his not being promoted. If that was the only reason, why did he not stop scheming after Othello made him lieutenant?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stanley Edgar Hyman believed that Iago was just plain evil. Actually, that he was, in fact, Satan. He says that Iago is motivated by the fact that he is Satan or a figuration of Satan, eternally fixed in posture of hatred of God and envy of man. He wins the souls of men by promising to gratify their desires: Roderigo’s for Desdemona, Cassio’s for his return to favor, Othello’s for certainty (perhaps the certainty of guilt). (Hyman 29) Iago manipulates these people so easily. He actually does, in some way, take their souls. Roderigo dies, Cassio gets torn from his lieutenant position, and Othello kills his wife and himself. All of them are ruined by the end of the play, and it was all Iago’s plan. I agree that yes, Iago is evil, but in no way do I think he is Satan.

Understanding the Creative Media Sector

Understanding the Creative Media Sector. Assignment 4 unit 7 Nolan Benson ? Nolan Seth Benson Assignment 4 Unit 7 CONTENTS PAGE Page 1&2 – INTRODUCTION Page 3&4 – PRO’S AND CON’S OF FREELANCING Page 5&6 – IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING Page 7&8 – VARIETY OF EMPLOYMENT ROLES Page 9&10 – OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION Page 10&11 – CONCLUSION&BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION When you make a conscious decision to study and work towards something educationally, you have to know exactly what you want and where you want to go after the course, and what you will gain from the course.Obviously when you start you have goals to work towards, so when it all comes together there is no better feeling. Knowing what you want is vital when choosing a career path, so putting in lots and lots of research will defiantly benefit you in the long run. When it comes to making a decision about your career path always keep yourself in mind and remember that you will hav e to make some sacrifices when it comes to getting your dream job. Our generation, the youth of today has been brought up in a false culture when instant ratification plays a major role in our day-to-day lives. Technology is always moving on and up to better things making us, and our world a more sophisticated place to live in. When it comes to employment opportunities, the world is your oyster. Especially living in England, we have connections all over the world so broadening your horizons will always benefit you in the long run, by the end of this report we should be able to understand exactly what opportunities and where will come your way when becoming a broadcast journalist.We will consider the types of potential positions you could work in when working towards your final destination, I mean there is no fun in just getting to the top of your field without working hard in all different areas before. It’s highly unlikely that you will be able to jump right into what you wa nt to do. You must take into consideration all the different things you will have to do and learn in order to acquire the skills that you will need to become a top broadcast journalist.Starting from the bottom and making your way to the top is ideal by the end of this report we will find out exactly how to start at the bottom, make contact’s and connection that will ultimately help you in getting to the top. We will also have an in-depth look into all the places where people advertise for jobs and roles in the broadcast and journalism fields. We will look online especially because everything is going digital, but we will also have a look into what magazines and newspapers advertise for this sector.We will also have a look at the importance of making good friends and acquaintances in the industry that can ultimately help you to elevate yourself above the rest of the competition and get you to your end goal. The importance of personal growth is not only a key factor in the broa dcast and journalism sectors, but also in life itself. So when an opportunity comes around for you to gain knowledge and an understanding of your sector, grabbing it with both hands is really important. Make mistakes as you go, but make sure you never make the same mistake twice. Also actively seeking workshops or courses that will enhance your knowledge is key.So don’t be lazy, be proactive! PRO’S AND CON’S OF FREELANCING PRO’S One of the pros of freelancing in the media industry is the fact that your working hours can be really flexible, this flexibility is great because it often means that you get to choose what hours you work, especially when working from home. This cuts down the time and money you spend commuting to and from work every day. Often when you get freelance work in the media industry it’s got to be in on a certain deadline, this gives you the option to manage your time the way you want to spend it.If you're a night owl, you can spe nd your day working on other projects, hobbies or simply enjoying the ‘free time', with evenings spent working. Alternatively, if you wish to cram in lots of work into a 3-day week, it's your prerogative as long as you meet your deadline and deliver quality work. However if you find that you aren’t really motivated when you are at home and can’t find the time to put in quality work under your own systems, then you seriously have to recognise and realise because handing in work of a poor quality will only tarnish your name and your reputation.If you manage to become an established media freelancer people will trust you with work they need done. Getting to this point will take years and years of hard work and dedication but once you are established you will never find yourself without something to do. As a result of becoming established you get to choose exactly what work you want to do so if you particularly enjoy doing one aspect of film for example, you may be l ucky enough to earn a steady income just doing that. But if you get bored there is always an opportunity to do some other medium of work.CON’S As a freelancer, especially if you are still up and coming and not established and well known, your work and income for the month may not always be guaranteed. One major consideration you have to take in as a freelancer is weather you’ll be able to secure enough work to meet your financial needs. You might find that you will have to build up a portfolio of clientele, or if you are contracting yourself out to media companies there could well be dry spells when you don’t have work coming in and when you are looking for new work to go into.So if you are considering freelancing, then it would be a good idea to either take on some part-time work while you build your portfolio of clientele, or you could save a little bit from each job as a contingency plan for when the work becomes scarce. You should also defiantly keep yoursel f in the loop when it comes to the world you are living in, recessions and economic slowdown can hit freelancers and contractors really badly. As a freelancer, unless you have your own accountant, you’ll have to take care of your own bookkeeping duties and tax affairs.Weather you’ve set yourself up as a sole trader or a limited company, you’ll need to be up-to-date and precise when it comes to your tax affairs because you could be audited at any given time. PRO/CON You are your own boss! Becoming your own boss defiantly has its plus sides. For example, if you choose to take a week off on holiday, you don’t have to ask anyone else. There is no set start time for you to get to work, and there is no clock watching, waiting for the end of the day to arrive. You and only you reap the rewards and praise for your work, and you don’t have to share the profits with anybody else.However, having no boss to make sure you are working can also have its downsides . For one, you will be liable for your reputation and any problems that arise. Your reputation, once dented, may take a long time to recover if you have networked extensively. There will be no one to share the load when the going gets tough, and you will have to deal with all your clients and their problems by yourself. Nevertheless, all of the above are hypothetical scenarios, and the chances are that if you are dedicated, passionate, motivated and punctual, then you will be able to make a success of yourself and your career when freelancing in the industry.IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING Why is networking so important within the industry? Incorrect networking could mean disaster when it comes to trying to progress in your chosen career. Networking done improperly could tarnish your name and your reputation within the industry. But done properly it is a key that will unlock many doors on the path towards making a well-respected name for yourself in the industry. I’m going to give y ou five points on why networking and meeting new people is key to progressing in your chosen career path. 1.Networking is a really successful way to meet contacts that you would previously had no way of meeting or contacting. Meeting a prospective client face to face at a networking event or meeting is by far the best and most reliable and successful way to go about fixing up a business meeting with that person. If a physical and personal relationship is established before you pick up the phone or swop business cards and information – your chances of doing successful business together with that person probably tripled then if you had just cold called them. 2. Do not forget that everyone you network with has somebody else that they know.Although your immediate group is extremely important, everyone that they know is as well. Your referral circle is widened greatly by joining a group of networking contacts. 3. If you do a good job for your customer and that said customer decide s to recommend and refer you and your services to four of their colleagues, friends and family-that’s great. However if you’re part of a big networking group that meets once a month, and only ten-twenty members tell somebody they know about you and your business already your exposure has more than doubled. This is great because this gets more people aware and talking about you and what you can offer.By growing the right network, the ultimate in â€Å"Word of mouth† marketing takes place. You promote your network, and your network ultimately promotes you. 4. It’s like having your own management team on standby. Businesses need to be prepared for all types of eventualities, especially in a recession. Unfortunately in a tough economic climate anything can happen and instead of having to rely on people and business that you don’t know in hard times – if you network strategically then you should have a selected group of people at your fingertips that you can call upon, if and when, you need support or elp. 5. If you are a small business or a just getting started in the industry you may feel that a networking group could bring to much business, workload that you might not be able to handle right now, due to being busy or understaffed etc. fear not though, networking provides you with a key to business –choice, its not like you are forced to do accept every piece of work that comes your way, instead you have the luxury of picking and choosing which customers and which work suits you and your schedule.Sometimes if businesses are desperate for work then they are forced to take on anything that comes their way, even if it does mean working for less money. If there is a choice of clientele, then you maybe able to pick and choose whom you do business with. This gives you the ultimate freedom to work with people that will benefit your business and that will bring out the best in your work. VARIETY OF EMPLOYMENT ROLES (Broadc ast Journalist) What can you expect and do in the job?Broadcast journalism is the collection, verification and analysis of information about key events, which affect society and the people within society, the publication of information in a fair, accurate, impartial and balanced way to fulfil the publics right to know in a democratic society. This contains and involves a wide variety of media including radio, television the Internet and wireless devices. Broadcasting journalists involved with working in the television industry work in a number of different roles and genres, these include; news, current affairs, or documentaries.Broadcasting companies may also employ them, or they could work on a freelance basis. The role of a Broadcast Journalist is to turn information into pictures and sound, reporting and producing live and/or recorded packages as well as researching, preparing and reading bulletins. You will be responsible for generating content from a wide range of subjects. You will be encouraging new contributors and developing their ideas as well as your own. You are likely to be working as part of a team, generating your own stories and bringing on board new ideas. ?You will be initiating and producing a wide range of news and current affairs material nd will be expected to carry out in-depth research to a broad brief, write material for programme scripts, bulletins etc and at all times exercise excellent editorial judgement and adhere to legal and good practice guidelines. ?You may carry out interviews and reporting duties, in both recorded and live situations, in a studio or perhaps on location. You can expect to be involved in originating and developing programme ideas to support forward planning of material and future programmes and provide briefings for reporters, camera crews and other resources staff and contributors.?You will need to operate broadcast equipment: in radio, portable recording equipment, self-operating outside broadcasting vehicle s and studio equipment in television, to direct camera crews on pre-recorded and live coverage, to oversee editing and operate gallery equipment.? You may be responsible for programme budgets, ensuring effective use of money and resources, supervise the work of Broadcast Assistants and most certainly, as a Broadcast Journalist you would need to develop and maintain local and perhaps national contacts and fulfill a public relations role. ww. startintv. com How to start and where you can go with it? Broadcast journalists should have successfully completed a degree in broadcast journalism, multi-media, TV or online journalism to name but a few. Everybody’s path is always different, but keeping opportunities open and available is key to getting the correct qualifications. IT and word processing qualifications are also required. Broadcast journalists obviously start their careers either as a runner or an assistant to an executive.Other starting points could be as a researcher or a newsroom assistant, progression to becoming an on screen reporter, special correspondent, news presenters, and bulletin or programme editor will always be available if you are prepared to put in the hours as an assistant or researcher, becoming fluent in all these aspects will only serve to benefit you down the line. As a broadcast journalist you may also move into programme production or management roles, or become journalists, newspaper reporters or writers.Some broadcast journalists may also start their careers working as newspaper or other print press journalists. The opportunity for career progression as broadcast journalist is ever growing, jobs are available across a range of functions, requiring different skills, knowledge and experience. Initially, a recognized journalistic qualification or substantial practical experience (3years+) is a good starting point. A special interest, for example, in sport, entertainment, fashion, arts etc, with a good general knowledge of curren t affairs would defiantly support your career as a broadcast journalist.OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION Professional Documentation/Portfolio In this fast paced an ever-changing world we live in the need for you to advertise yourself and your work as a business is vital in progressing to any higher statues you may want to achieve. The need for professional documentation is vital for prospective businesses and employers you hope to work for. Presenting yourself in a professional manner is important because the person looking you up for a job, the first thing he/she will look at is your c. v. , on your c. v. s everything about you and your career interests, if this is not professional people will not take you seriously. Having a website that can also show your work to prospective clientele is also a key factor is securing yourself a regular income doing what you love, the internet can offer people information almost instantly, this is great because companies will be trolling the web lookin g for the relevant people. So if your website is professional and portrays professional work done by yourself, consider it a key step in the right direction for you career.Also every time you do business with somebody make sure he/she is satisfied and satisfied enough to the point that they will write a good reference about you and what you do for future clients to see. These references are extremely important because they offer justification about what you can do to future business partners. Also keeping all the work you have ever done in a portfolio will only set you in good stead in the future with prospective employers and business partners. Another important thing to keep in mind when becoming a broadcast journalist is to be ever learning and experiencing new things.If you are constantly gaining recognised skills and qualifications it will only benefit you and your career in a positive way, being ahead of your competition at all times will set you in good stead when working to becoming the best in what you do. Gaining skills will always put you one step ahead of the rest. So do as many courses as you can in as many different areas as you can. They key to life is education so constantly education yourself will only allow people to understand and take you more seriously, and hopefully the people you are trying to reach will listen.Maintaining professional behaviour and conduct at all times will only benefit you and your career. No body likes a smart arsed know it all, rather give yourself and your employers and colleagues 100% satisfaction by not rocking up to work late, being punctual will only help to progress your career, obviously if there was one position left and you and one other person had applied, if you have respect and your attendance, punctuality, commitment are all on point and his aren’t then just by maintaining professional behaviour you will get the promotion over the slacker any day.Being professional is vital; saying the wrong thing at the wrong time can cost you your job and your reputation in this industry. Its cut throat and the situations you may find yourself in are high pressure, so if you take care of the small things like being smart, arriving on time and having good manners, for example, the big things will take care of themselves. CONCLUSIONBroadcast journalists can expect a long and invigorating career, provided they constantly work at progressing and learning as much as possible, if you are prepared to put in the long hours for a small story then you can do nothing but progress into high positions of power. Becoming a sought after, well-respected individual will only help you to make a successful career for yourself as a journalist. To become a broadcast journalist, you should have: †¢excellent communication and ‘people’ skills †¢good listening and questioning skills †¢empathy and tact †¢good writing and research skills confidence and a clear speaking voice †¢p ersistence and motivation †¢calmness under pressure and the ability to meet tight deadlines †¢a creative approach with the ability to ‘think on your feet’ when necessary †¢an understanding of what makes a good news story †¢a high degree of accuracy and attention to detail the ability to work on your own initiative and also as part of a team. BIBLIOGRAPHY www. acareerchange. co. uk www. careers. guardian. co. uk www. bni. eu/regional-news www. startintv. com/jobs/broadcast www. nationalcareersservice. direct. gov. uk/advice

Theoretical Perspectives Curriculum - 931 Words

Introduction Learning theories are used to develop curriculums that explain learning models used in education. These models help simplify education from the earliest stages of childhood through formal education. This paper will explore the learning theories and how they can be applied in developing a curriculum for learning and teaching language. The curriculum will include the epistemology, motivation, and methods of learning Cognitive Jean Piaget and John Dewey helped develop the theory of Cognitive Development. According to them, cognitive development constitutes the sensor motor stage and helps children grow their interaction through this development. For instance when a child understands about objects he/she will easily†¦show more content†¦F. Skinner: the theory emphasizes of the nurture part of language. According to Skinner, nurture helps in building responses around stimuli as well as other reinforcements (McCaslin Good 1996, p. 67). For instance learning speech and phrases in language development is one of the basic examples of behaviorist approaches to language development. The main point underlying this approach is conditioning that a child’s mind goes through in the process of learning. Epistemology This theory emphasizes on the overt way of learning where observation and empiricism play a big role. Teachers should therefore be certain to evaluate the changes in the behavior of the learner and relate them to language development. Motivation Learning is mainly affected by external factors. Teachers are therefore encouraged to reward children when they make progress in language development. Method of learning Stimulus is needed for language mastery to take place in children. Teachers are therefore expected to identify goals and the stimuli that will help children achieve them to improve their language skills (McCaslin Good 1996, p. 70). For example, pigeons can learn to press bars that will lead to dropping of food to a dish, children can also use a food or drink dispenser machine with automatic voice recording that gives instructions about the action that it will take once a child presses the button. Interactionist The theory was developed by JeromeShow MoreRelatedCurrent Theoretical Perspectives, Pedagogies And Curriculum Approaches Essay2096 Words   |  9 PagesCurrent theoretical perspectives, pedagogies and curriculum approaches. Teaching and learning can be seen as an integrated approach through the support and reflection of visual arts, theoretical perspectives and cultural perspectives such as MÄ ori and Pasifika. These approaches help explain different teaching practices and extension of children’s interests and the different ways to present and consider the environment the children learn and develop in. The arts are a fundamental element of onesRead MoreCurriculum Development Paper973 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of curriculum content that implements strategies and methods that enhance Language Acquisition. Presented by: Presented to: Institution: Contents a) Grade/developmental level b) Education needs and rational c) Theoretical perspective d) Learning objectives e) Content outline f) Strategies and methods g) Resources h) Lesson plans Read MoreThe Course Of Study Of Anything Teaching Process Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesas a list of all the concepts, ideas, as well as topics that will be covered in the course, the book and the lessons plans assign within a particular type of curriculum. For example, the scope and sequence of a course in geology will be a list of all the helpful list of concepts in the course. Besides, the scope and sequence for curriculum in high school would denote all the concepts taught in the writing course (Kliebard, 2004). b. 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